Novgorod About 125 miles south of St. Petersburg, Novgorod is one of Russia's oldest cities. Founded in the 9th century, it was the main settlement of the Vikings. Vladimira Dvorakova / age fotostock;
125 miles South of Saint Petersburg, Novgorod is one of Russia's oldest cities. Founded in IXc, it was the Vikings' major settling place, then, for three centuries, the capital city of an independent state, ruled by a popular assembly, the veche. In the XIVth century, the city went through a time of tremendous expansion as far as commerce, culture and the arts where concerned. The superb Byzantine style icons and churches bear witness to this. From the XVth century onwards, it was attached to the State of Muscovy and its influence declined. Within the kremlin, you should visit the majestic Saint Sophie's cathedral, the Facet palace and the Historic museum. On the other side of the river, in the old merchant's district, do not miss the church of the Transfiguration of the Saviour which shelters beautiful frescoes by Theophanes the Greek.